Committee A reports a restricted-cubic-spline spot of the organization between estimated twenty four-hour urinary potassium removal and also the substance out of death away from people result in and big aerobic incidents. The brand new spline bend is actually truncated during the cuatro.00 grams each day (skills rates certainly members with potassium excretion >cuatro.00 grams each and every day, thirteen situations for the 397 players). Data towards potassium removal were shed having 58 professionals (0.1%). Therefore, the latest try within the studies to the composite outcome of death and you can biggest aerobic situations try 101,887 professionals having 3314 situations. Committee B shows a finite-cubic-spline area of your own association anywhere between projected potassium removal and you may dying off any result in. Case price certainly one of members which have potassium excretion of more than 4.00 grams daily is actually 4 situations when you look at the 397 members. Panel C reveals a restricted-cubic-spline plot of one’s relationship between estimated potassium excretion and you may big aerobic events (defined as demise of cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, coronary arrest, or center inability). Case rate certainly one of participants with potassium removal in excess of 4.00 g on a daily basis is actually eleven incidents into the 397 members. non-Asian), alcoholic drinks intake, body-mass index, and you may status in terms of all forms of diabetes mellitus, reputation for cardiovascular incidents, and you can current smoking. Dashed lines imply 95% depend on intervals. The https://datingranking.net/local-hookup/bristol/ fresh new median number of potassium excretion (2.07 g each and every day) try the reference practical, indicated because of the purple range.
Most of the plots of land had been modified to have age, sex, geographic region, instructional peak, ancestry (Far-eastern vs
As compared with a projected potassium removal off lower than step one.50 g each and every day, a top projected removal out of potassium is regarding the a decrease in the risks of dying and you will cardiovascular events towards the multivariable research ( Figure dos and you can Desk step three ); so it organization was mainly about a decrease in the risk out of demise (Table S3 in the Secondary Appendix). Discover zero evidence of a relationships between estimated potassium and you can sodium excretion with regards to the number 1 compound lead (P=0.55) (Desk S4 regarding the Secondary Appendix).
Subgroup and Sensitivity Analyses
Blood pressure level from the baseline (defined as a past diagnosis from blood pressure level or blood pressure level > mm Hg) altered brand new connection ranging from a top projected sodium excretion plus the element result (P=0.02 having communication) (Dining table S4 on the Secondary Appendix). In the further study, there is certainly somewhat improved risk seen among members that have standard blood pressure level and you may a projected sodium removal of six.00 to six.99 grams just about every day (opportunity ratio, step 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.30) or eight.00 g each day or higher (potential ratio, step one.21; 95% CI, step one.05 to just one.40), while there is zero extreme association some of those rather than blood circulation pressure. There have been not any other high subgroup relations (Tables S4 and you may S5 in the Additional Appendix).
The exclusion of participants with cardiovascular disease (at baseline) or cancer (at baseline or follow-up) or those who had events in the first year of follow-up did not materially affect the findings from the sodium and potassium analyses. When participants with events in the first 2 years were excluded, the associations of a lower (<3.00 g per day) and higher (6.00 to 6.99 g per day) estimated sodium excretion with the primary outcome were significant ( Table 2 and Table 3 ). In a propensity-score–matched analysis that included 21,220 participants, a low estimated sodium excretion (<3.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level (3.00 to 5.99 g per day), was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.46). In a similar analysis that included 40,618 participants, a high estimated sodium excretion (?6.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level, was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.34) (Table S6 in the Supplementary Appendix). The results of analyses adjusted for regression dilution bias are presented in Fig. S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix. The results of the array-approach sensitivity analysis are provided in Table S7 in the Supplementary Appendix.
